---
title: "Peptide research glossary: A–Z | Sable Peptides"
description: "Definitions of 324 terms used in peptide chemistry, analytical testing, storage and laboratory calculations."
canonical: https://www.sablepeptides.co.uk/glossary/terms
publisher: Sable Peptides Limited (UK company 17488610)
note: Research use only. Not for human or veterinary use.
---

Glossary

# Peptide research glossary: A–Z

Definitions of 324 terms used in peptide chemistry, analytical testing, storage and laboratory calculations.

Find a term

## 2

-   [2-Chlorotrityl chloride resin](/glossary/2-chlorotrityl-chloride-resin)

## A

-   [Absorbance](/glossary/absorbance)
-   [Accuracy](/glossary/accuracy)
-   [Acetate salt](/glossary/acetate-salt)
-   [Acetic acid](/glossary/acetic-acid)
-   [Acetonitrile](/glossary/acetonitrile)
-   [Acetylation](/glossary/acetylation)
-   [Adduct ion](/glossary/adduct-ion)
-   [Adsorption](/glossary/adsorption)
-   [Agonist](/glossary/agonist)
-   [Alanine](/glossary/alanine)
-   [Aliquot](/glossary/aliquot)
-   [Alpha helix](/glossary/alpha-helix)
-   [Amidation](/glossary/amidation)
-   [Amino acid](/glossary/amino-acid)
-   [Amino acid analysis](/glossary/amino-acid-analysis)
-   [Ammonium bicarbonate](/glossary/ammonium-bicarbonate)
-   [Amyloid fibril](/glossary/amyloid-fibril)
-   [Analogue](/glossary/analogue)
-   [Analytical balance](/glossary/analytical-balance)
-   [Antagonist](/glossary/antagonist)
-   [Area percent purity](/glossary/area-percent-purity)
-   [Arginine](/glossary/arginine)
-   [Arrhenius equation](/glossary/arrhenius-equation)
-   [Aseptic technique](/glossary/aseptic-technique)
-   [Asparagine](/glossary/asparagine)
-   [Aspartic acid](/glossary/aspartic-acid)
-   [Aspartimide formation](/glossary/aspartimide-formation)
-   [Autoclave](/glossary/autoclave)
-   [Average mass](/glossary/average-mass)
-   [Avogadro constant](/glossary/avogadro-constant)

## B

-   [b and y ions](/glossary/b-and-y-ions)
-   [Bacteriostatic water](/glossary/bacteriostatic-water)
-   [Batch-to-batch consistency](/glossary/batch-to-batch-consistency)
-   [Beer-Lambert law](/glossary/beer-lambert-law)
-   [Benzyl alcohol](/glossary/benzyl-alcohol)
-   [Beta sheet](/glossary/beta-sheet)
-   [Bioburden](/glossary/bioburden)
-   [Biotinylation](/glossary/biotinylation)
-   [Boc](/glossary/boc)
-   [Borosilicate glass](/glossary/borosilicate-glass)
-   [Buffer](/glossary/buffer)
-   [Bulking agent](/glossary/bulking-agent)

## C

-   [C-terminus](/glossary/c-terminus)
-   [C18 column](/glossary/c18-column)
-   [C1V1 = C2V2](/glossary/c1v1-c2v2)
-   [Calibration curve](/glossary/calibration-curve)
-   [Capillary electrophoresis](/glossary/capillary-electrophoresis)
-   [Capping](/glossary/capping)
-   [Carrier protein](/glossary/carrier-protein)
-   [CAS Registry Number](/glossary/cas-registry-number)
-   [Cell culture](/glossary/cell-culture)
-   [Celsius](/glossary/celsius)
-   [Centrifuge](/glossary/centrifuge)
-   [Certificate of analysis](/glossary/certificate-of-analysis)
-   [Charge state](/glossary/charge-state)
-   [Chirality](/glossary/chirality)
-   [Chromatogram](/glossary/chromatogram)
-   [Circular dichroism](/glossary/circular-dichroism)
-   [Cleavage](/glossary/cleavage)
-   [Click chemistry](/glossary/click-chemistry)
-   [Cold chain](/glossary/cold-chain)
-   [Collision-induced dissociation](/glossary/collision-induced-dissociation)
-   [Conjugation](/glossary/conjugation)
-   [Copper peptide complex](/glossary/copper-peptide-complex)
-   [COSHH](/glossary/coshh)
-   [Counter-ion](/glossary/counter-ion)
-   [Coupling reagent](/glossary/coupling-reagent)
-   [Covalent bond](/glossary/covalent-bond)
-   [Crimp cap](/glossary/crimp-cap)
-   [Crude peptide](/glossary/crude-peptide)
-   [Cyclic peptide](/glossary/cyclic-peptide)
-   [Cysteine](/glossary/cysteine)

## D

-   [D-amino acid](/glossary/d-amino-acid)
-   [Dalton](/glossary/dalton)
-   [Deamidation](/glossary/deamidation)
-   [Deconvolution](/glossary/deconvolution)
-   [Deletion sequence](/glossary/deletion-sequence)
-   [Density](/glossary/density)
-   [Desiccant](/glossary/desiccant)
-   [Desiccator](/glossary/desiccator)
-   [Detergent](/glossary/detergent)
-   [Diastereomer](/glossary/diastereomer)
-   [Dichloromethane](/glossary/dichloromethane)
-   [Diethyl ether](/glossary/diethyl-ether)
-   [Diisopropylcarbodiimide](/glossary/diisopropylcarbodiimide)
-   [Dilution factor](/glossary/dilution-factor)
-   [Dimethyl sulfoxide](/glossary/dimethyl-sulfoxide)
-   [Dimethylformamide](/glossary/dimethylformamide)
-   [Diode array detector](/glossary/diode-array-detector)
-   [DIPEA](/glossary/dipea)
-   [Dissociation constant](/glossary/dissociation-constant)
-   [Disulfide bond](/glossary/disulfide-bond)
-   [Dithiothreitol](/glossary/dithiothreitol)

## E

-   [EC50](/glossary/ec50)
-   [Edman degradation](/glossary/edman-degradation)
-   [Electrospray ionisation](/glossary/electrospray-ionisation)
-   [Elemental analysis](/glossary/elemental-analysis)
-   [ELISA](/glossary/elisa)
-   [Ellman's reagent](/glossary/ellman-s-reagent)
-   [Empirical formula](/glossary/empirical-formula)
-   [Enantiomer](/glossary/enantiomer)
-   [Endotoxin](/glossary/endotoxin)
-   [Enzyme inhibitor](/glossary/enzyme-inhibitor)
-   [Extinction coefficient](/glossary/extinction-coefficient)

## F

-   [Filtration](/glossary/filtration)
-   [Fluorescein isothiocyanate](/glossary/fluorescein-isothiocyanate)
-   [Fluorescent labelling](/glossary/fluorescent-labelling)
-   [Fmoc](/glossary/fmoc)
-   [Formic acid](/glossary/formic-acid)
-   [Freeze-thaw cycle](/glossary/freeze-thaw-cycle)
-   [Freezer storage](/glossary/freezer-storage)
-   [Fume hood](/glossary/fume-hood)

## G

-   [G protein-coupled receptor](/glossary/g-protein-coupled-receptor)
-   [Gas chromatography](/glossary/gas-chromatography)
-   [Gel electrophoresis](/glossary/gel-electrophoresis)
-   [Glass vial](/glossary/glass-vial)
-   [Globally Harmonized System](/glossary/globally-harmonized-system)
-   [Glutamic acid](/glossary/glutamic-acid)
-   [Glutamine](/glossary/glutamine)
-   [Glycine](/glossary/glycine)
-   [Good laboratory practice](/glossary/good-laboratory-practice)
-   [Good manufacturing practice](/glossary/good-manufacturing-practice)
-   [Good's buffers](/glossary/good-s-buffers)
-   [Gradient elution](/glossary/gradient-elution)
-   [Gross weight](/glossary/gross-weight)

## H

-   [Half-life](/glossary/half-life)
-   [HATU](/glossary/hatu)
-   [HBTU](/glossary/hbtu)
-   [HEPES](/glossary/hepes)
-   [High-performance liquid chromatography](/glossary/high-performance-liquid-chromatography)
-   [Histidine](/glossary/histidine)
-   [HOBt](/glossary/hobt)
-   [Hydrogen bond](/glossary/hydrogen-bond)
-   [Hydrolysis](/glossary/hydrolysis)
-   [Hydrophobicity](/glossary/hydrophobicity)
-   [Hygroscopic](/glossary/hygroscopic)

## I

-   [IC50](/glossary/ic50)
-   [Impurity profile](/glossary/impurity-profile)
-   [In silico](/glossary/in-silico)
-   [In vitro](/glossary/in-vitro)
-   [InChI](/glossary/inchi)
-   [Inert gas](/glossary/inert-gas)
-   [Internal standard](/glossary/internal-standard)
-   [Ion chromatography](/glossary/ion-chromatography)
-   [Ion suppression](/glossary/ion-suppression)
-   [Ion-exchange chromatography](/glossary/ion-exchange-chromatography)
-   [Ion-pairing agent](/glossary/ion-pairing-agent)
-   [Ionic bond](/glossary/ionic-bond)
-   [Ionic strength](/glossary/ionic-strength)
-   [Isobaric](/glossary/isobaric)
-   [Isocratic elution](/glossary/isocratic-elution)
-   [Isoelectric point](/glossary/isoelectric-point)
-   [Isoleucine](/glossary/isoleucine)
-   [Isomer](/glossary/isomer)
-   [Isotope pattern](/glossary/isotope-pattern)
-   [IUPAC nomenclature](/glossary/iupac-nomenclature)

## K

-   [Kaiser test](/glossary/kaiser-test)
-   [Karl Fischer titration](/glossary/karl-fischer-titration)
-   [Kelvin](/glossary/kelvin)

## L

-   [Laboratory research literature](/glossary/laboratory-research-literature)
-   [LAL assay](/glossary/lal-assay)
-   [Laminar flow cabinet](/glossary/laminar-flow-cabinet)
-   [LC-MS](/glossary/lc-ms)
-   [Leucine](/glossary/leucine)
-   [Ligand](/glossary/ligand)
-   [Light sensitivity](/glossary/light-sensitivity)
-   [Limit of detection](/glossary/limit-of-detection)
-   [Limit of quantitation](/glossary/limit-of-quantitation)
-   [Lipidation](/glossary/lipidation)
-   [Lot number](/glossary/lot-number)
-   [Low-binding tube](/glossary/low-binding-tube)
-   [Lyophilisation](/glossary/lyophilisation)
-   [Lyophilised cake](/glossary/lyophilised-cake)
-   [Lysine](/glossary/lysine)

## M

-   [MALDI](/glossary/maldi)
-   [Maleimide](/glossary/maleimide)
-   [Mass accuracy](/glossary/mass-accuracy)
-   [Mass concentration](/glossary/mass-concentration)
-   [Mass resolution](/glossary/mass-resolution)
-   [Mass spectrometry](/glossary/mass-spectrometry)
-   [Mass-to-charge ratio](/glossary/mass-to-charge-ratio)
-   [Measurement uncertainty](/glossary/measurement-uncertainty)
-   [Merrifield resin](/glossary/merrifield-resin)
-   [Methionine](/glossary/methionine)
-   [Method validation](/glossary/method-validation)
-   [Microgram](/glossary/microgram)
-   [Microlitre](/glossary/microlitre)
-   [Micromolar](/glossary/micromolar)
-   [Micromole](/glossary/micromole)
-   [Micropipette](/glossary/micropipette)
-   [Microwave-assisted peptide synthesis](/glossary/microwave-assisted-peptide-synthesis)
-   [Milligram](/glossary/milligram)
-   [Millilitre](/glossary/millilitre)
-   [Millimolar](/glossary/millimolar)
-   [Mobile phase](/glossary/mobile-phase)
-   [Molar mass](/glossary/molar-mass)
-   [Molarity](/glossary/molarity)
-   [Mole](/glossary/mole)
-   [Molecular formula](/glossary/molecular-formula)
-   [Molecular weight](/glossary/molecular-weight)
-   [Monoisotopic mass](/glossary/monoisotopic-mass)

## N

-   [N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone](/glossary/n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone)
-   [N-methylation](/glossary/n-methylation)
-   [N-terminus](/glossary/n-terminus)
-   [Nanomolar](/glossary/nanomolar)
-   [Nanomole](/glossary/nanomole)
-   [Native chemical ligation](/glossary/native-chemical-ligation)
-   [Net peptide content](/glossary/net-peptide-content)
-   [Ninhydrin](/glossary/ninhydrin)
-   [Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy](/glossary/nuclear-magnetic-resonance-spectroscopy)

## O

-   [One-letter code](/glossary/one-letter-code)
-   [Orbitrap](/glossary/orbitrap)
-   [Orthogonal method](/glossary/orthogonal-method)
-   [Orthogonal protection](/glossary/orthogonal-protection)
-   [Osmolarity](/glossary/osmolarity)
-   [Oxidation](/glossary/oxidation)
-   [Oxyma](/glossary/oxyma)

## P

-   [Palmitoylation](/glossary/palmitoylation)
-   [Parts per million](/glossary/parts-per-million)
-   [Peak area](/glossary/peak-area)
-   [Peak tailing](/glossary/peak-tailing)
-   [PEGylation](/glossary/pegylation)
-   [Peptide](/glossary/peptide)
-   [Peptide aggregation](/glossary/peptide-aggregation)
-   [Peptide bond](/glossary/peptide-bond)
-   [Peptide hormone](/glossary/peptide-hormone)
-   [Peptide library](/glossary/peptide-library)
-   [Peptide mapping](/glossary/peptide-mapping)
-   [Peptide purity](/glossary/peptide-purity)
-   [Peptidomimetic](/glossary/peptidomimetic)
-   [Personal protective equipment](/glossary/personal-protective-equipment)
-   [pH](/glossary/ph)
-   [Phenylalanine](/glossary/phenylalanine)
-   [Phosphate-buffered saline](/glossary/phosphate-buffered-saline)
-   [Piperidine](/glossary/piperidine)
-   [pKa](/glossary/pka)
-   [Precipitation](/glossary/precipitation)
-   [Precision](/glossary/precision)
-   [Preparative HPLC](/glossary/preparative-hplc)
-   [Proline](/glossary/proline)
-   [Protease](/glossary/protease)
-   [Protecting group](/glossary/protecting-group)
-   [Proteolytic stability](/glossary/proteolytic-stability)
-   [Proteomics](/glossary/proteomics)
-   [Protonated molecule](/glossary/protonated-molecule)
-   [PubChem](/glossary/pubchem)
-   [Pyroglutamate](/glossary/pyroglutamate)

## Q

-   [Quadrupole](/glossary/quadrupole)
-   [Quality assurance](/glossary/quality-assurance)
-   [Quality control](/glossary/quality-control)

## R

-   [Racemisation](/glossary/racemisation)
-   [Receptor](/glossary/receptor)
-   [Recombinant expression](/glossary/recombinant-expression)
-   [Reconstitution](/glossary/reconstitution)
-   [Reference standard](/glossary/reference-standard)
-   [Refrigeration](/glossary/refrigeration)
-   [Relative standard deviation](/glossary/relative-standard-deviation)
-   [Reproducibility](/glossary/reproducibility)
-   [Research use only](/glossary/research-use-only)
-   [Residual solvent](/glossary/residual-solvent)
-   [Residue](/glossary/residue)
-   [Resin](/glossary/resin)
-   [Resolution](/glossary/resolution)
-   [Retention time](/glossary/retention-time)
-   [Retro-inverso peptide](/glossary/retro-inverso-peptide)
-   [Reversed-phase chromatography](/glossary/reversed-phase-chromatography)
-   [Rink amide resin](/glossary/rink-amide-resin)
-   [Room temperature](/glossary/room-temperature)

## S

-   [Safety data sheet](/glossary/safety-data-sheet)
-   [Salt bridge](/glossary/salt-bridge)
-   [Salt exchange](/glossary/salt-exchange)
-   [Scavenger](/glossary/scavenger)
-   [Secondary structure](/glossary/secondary-structure)
-   [Septum](/glossary/septum)
-   [Sequence](/glossary/sequence)
-   [Serial dilution](/glossary/serial-dilution)
-   [Serine](/glossary/serine)
-   [Shelf life](/glossary/shelf-life)
-   [Signal-to-noise ratio](/glossary/signal-to-noise-ratio)
-   [Size-exclusion chromatography](/glossary/size-exclusion-chromatography)
-   [SMILES](/glossary/smiles)
-   [Sodium chloride](/glossary/sodium-chloride)
-   [Solid-phase peptide synthesis](/glossary/solid-phase-peptide-synthesis)
-   [Solubility](/glossary/solubility)
-   [Sonication](/glossary/sonication)
-   [Specification](/glossary/specification)
-   [Spectrophotometer](/glossary/spectrophotometer)
-   [Stability study](/glossary/stability-study)
-   [Stable isotope labelling](/glossary/stable-isotope-labelling)
-   [Standard deviation](/glossary/standard-deviation)
-   [Stapled peptide](/glossary/stapled-peptide)
-   [Stationary phase](/glossary/stationary-phase)
-   [Sterile filtration](/glossary/sterile-filtration)
-   [Sterile water](/glossary/sterile-water)
-   [Stock solution](/glossary/stock-solution)
-   [Structure-activity relationship](/glossary/structure-activity-relationship)
-   [Sublimation](/glossary/sublimation)
-   [Syringe filter](/glossary/syringe-filter)

## T

-   [Tandem mass spectrometry](/glossary/tandem-mass-spectrometry)
-   [TCEP](/glossary/tcep)
-   [TFA salt](/glossary/tfa-salt)
-   [Theoretical plates](/glossary/theoretical-plates)
-   [Thin-layer chromatography](/glossary/thin-layer-chromatography)
-   [Threonine](/glossary/threonine)
-   [Time-of-flight mass analyser](/glossary/time-of-flight-mass-analyser)
-   [Trifluoroacetic acid](/glossary/trifluoroacetic-acid)
-   [Tris buffer](/glossary/tris-buffer)
-   [Truncated sequence](/glossary/truncated-sequence)
-   [Trypsin](/glossary/trypsin)
-   [Tryptophan](/glossary/tryptophan)
-   [Tyrosine](/glossary/tyrosine)

## U

-   [UHPLC](/glossary/uhplc)
-   [Ultra-low temperature freezer](/glossary/ultra-low-temperature-freezer)
-   [Ultrapure water](/glossary/ultrapure-water)
-   [UV detector](/glossary/uv-detector)

## V

-   [Valine](/glossary/valine)
-   [Volumetric flask](/glossary/volumetric-flask)
-   [Vortex mixer](/glossary/vortex-mixer)

## W

-   [Wang resin](/glossary/wang-resin)
-   [Water content](/glossary/water-content)
-   [Western blot](/glossary/western-blot)
-   [Working solution](/glossary/working-solution)

## Z

-   [Zwitterion](/glossary/zwitterion)

All Sable Peptides products are supplied for laboratory research use only. Not for consumption.